Sources
Every source behind a rule, standard, date or figure on this site, with what we used it for and when we checked it. If one of these has changed, please tell us.
The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019 (No. 32 of 2019), Gazette of India Extraordinary, 9 August 2019
Ministry of Law and Justice (Legislative Department), via PRS Legislative Research · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Substituted section 129 (protective headgear, Sikh turban proviso, children below four proviso, definition of protective headgear); inserted sections 194C and 194D; amended sections 184, 200 and 206(4); inserted section 210A (state fine multiplier); substituted Chapter XI (insurance against third party risks) including sections 146, 147, 158(1) and 158(3).
The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill, 2019 — bill track page
PRS Legislative Research · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Locates the official Act text used above.
Helmet for riders of Two Wheeler Motor Vehicles (Quality Control) Order, 2020 — S.O. 4252(E), 26 November 2020
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, hosted by the Bureau of Indian Standards · checked 26 October 2026Used for: In force from 1 June 2021; helmets must conform to IS 4151:2015 (Protective Helmet for Two Wheeler Riders) and bear the Standard Mark under a BIS licence; goods meant for export excepted; BIS is the certifying and enforcing authority.
Products under compulsory certification — Scheme I (ISI Mark)
Bureau of Indian Standards · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Lists the helmet order against IS 4151:2015, S.O. 4252(E) dated 26/11/2020.
For consumers — FAQ
Bureau of Indian Standards · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Using the Standard Mark without a valid licence is misuse (BIS Act 2016, section 17); complaint routes include misuse of the Standard Mark and violation of a Quality Control Order.
Manak Online — licence search
Bureau of Indian Standards · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Public BIS licence search (pages for List of Licences and Status of Licence, searchable by licence number, IS number or firm), linked from the BIS consumer pages.
Road traffic injuries — fact sheet (20 July 2026)
World Health Organization · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Correct helmet use can reduce the risk of death in a crash by more than six times and the risk of brain injury by up to 74%; more than half of road deaths are among vulnerable road users including motorcyclists.
Frequently Asked Questions
Snell Memorial Foundation · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Replace a helmet after five years of normal use (worn pads and liner can make it fit one to two sizes larger); replace after any impact while in use; a drop from hand height usually does not need replacement, but replace or have it inspected if damage is suspected; fit check by pulling the back forward and pushing the brow back; wear five to ten minutes to find pressure points; clean pads with mild soap and water, no chemical cleaners; keep away from heat.
Choosing the Right Helmet
Snell Memorial Foundation · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Size labels are a general suggestion and vary between makers; a helmet should be snug all round the crown; fasten the strap so no more than two fingers fit under it; try a helmet on before buying.
Helmet sizing chart
Studds Accessories Ltd (helmet manufacturer) · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Measure around the head above the eyebrows and ears with a tape or string; example size labels (M = 57–58 cm on this maker's chart); fit checks: no gaps between pads and cheeks, no independent movement.
Care & Maintenance
Studds Accessories Ltd (helmet manufacturer) · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Clean with lukewarm water and mild soap; keep petrol off the shell; no paint, stickers or solvents; do not hang the helmet on the mirror or handlebar; dry at room temperature away from sun and heat; no organic solvents such as metal polish on the visor; visors marked daytime use only are not for the dark.
FAQ
Studds Accessories Ltd (helmet manufacturer) · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Advises changing a helmet every three to five years depending on usage, and replacing it after a crash or drop.
The Highway Code — Rules for motorcyclists (83 to 88)
Department for Transport, GOV.UK · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Keep the visor clean and in good condition; scratched or poorly fitting eye protection reduces vision; strong boots, gloves and suitable clothing may help protect you; light or brightly coloured helmet and fluorescent clothing help in daylight; reflective clothing or strips help in the dark.
The Highway Code — Driving in adverse weather conditions (226 to 237)
Department for Transport, GOV.UK · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Rule 227: in wet weather stopping distances will be at least double those on dry roads; rain and spray make it hard to see and be seen.
The Highway Code — General rules, techniques and advice (103 to 158)
Department for Transport, GOV.UK · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Rule 121: after going through water, test your brakes at the first safe opportunity; rule 126: the gap should be at least doubled on wet roads.
The Highway Code — Annex 6: vehicle maintenance, safety and security
Department for Transport, GOV.UK · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Inflate tyres to the manufacturer's specification for the load; check pressures before the journey when tyres are cold; refer to the vehicle handbook; low brake fluid may result in brake failure; lights must be adjusted so they do not dazzle.
NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix B.9 — conversion factors (pressure)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA) · checked 26 October 2026Used for: 1 bar = 100 kPa (exact); 1 kgf/cm² = 98.0665 kPa (exact); 1 psi = 6.894757 kPa.
Turn Around Don't Drown
National Weather Service (USA) · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Six inches of fast-moving flood water can knock over an adult; it is never safe to drive or walk into flood waters.
Summary list of harmonised standards — Regulation (EU) 2016/425 on personal protective equipment (generated 4 September 2026)
European Commission · checked 26 October 2026Used for: EN 13594:2015 protective gloves for motorcycle riders; EN 13634:2017 protective footwear for motorcycle riders; EN 17092-2 to -6:2020 protective garments for motorcycle riders, classes AAA, AA, A, B and C; EN 1938:2010 goggles for motorcycle and moped users; EN ISO 20471:2013 high visibility clothing; EN 17353:2020 enhanced visibility equipment.
FAQ — What should I do if I am stopped by traffic police for a violation?
Delhi Traffic Police · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Be ready to show driving licence, RC, insurance and PUC certificate; physical or DigiLocker/mParivahan app versions are valid.
Traffic violations & penalties
Delhi Traffic Police · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Delhi fine schedule: driving without helmet (rider/pillion) 194D ₹1,000; without licence ₹5,000; without insurance ₹2,000 then ₹4,000; without PUC ₹10,000; hand-held device ₹5,000 then ₹10,000; triple riding 194C ₹1,000.
Documents required in original while driving
Delhi Traffic Police · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Links the official DigiLocker and Nextgen mParivahan apps.
Advisory No. RT-11036/64/2017-MVL, 23 September 2019: Acceptance of the Driving Licence (DL), Certificate of Registration (RC), Vehicle Insurance or other information presented through Digi-locker or m-Parivahan platform
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MVL Section), hosted on the mParivahan site (Parivahan) · checked 26 October 2026Used for: Addressed to all states and UTs; refers to the earlier advisory of 8 August 2018; says the Ministry amended rule 139 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 so that RC, insurance, fitness and permit, driving licence, PUC certificate and other relevant documents can be produced in physical or electronic form on demand by an officer in uniform or other officer authorised by the state; if the citizen cannot show the digital copy, the enforcement agency can verify DL and RC details on its mParivahan or e-challan app using the DL number or vehicle number.
Statute text: the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019 as published in the Gazette of India, read via the PDF hosted by PRS Legislative Research. Official government hosts for the Act (India Code, the Legislative Department) did not load for us on 26 October 2026.